Phylum Angiosperm

PLANT KINGDOM :

ANGIOSPERM

Plant kingdom :

ANGIOSPERM

WHAT IS  CHARA CTERISTICS OF ANGIOSPERM???

 

               

Classification of angiosperm

CLASS DICOTYLEDONAE

 CLASS MONOCOTYLEDONE

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DICOTYLEDONAE AND MONO COTYLEDONAE

DIFFERENCES BETW

	CLASS DICOTYLEDONAE	CLASS MONOCOTYLEDONAE
LEAF MORFOLOGY	RETICULATE VENATION	PARRALEL VENATION
STEM ANATOMY	VASCULAR CAMBIUM PRESENT,RING OF VASCULAR BUNDLES	VASCULAR BUNDLES SCATTERED,VASCULAR CAMBIUM ABSENT
ROOT MORPHOLOGY	PRIMARY ROOT EXIST AS TAP ROOT THAT DEVELOP LATERAL ROOT	ADVENTILIOUS ROOT FROM BASE OF THE STEM TAKE OVER,GIVING RISE TO FIBROUS ROOT
SEED MORPHOLOGY	EMBRYO HAS TWO COTYLEDONS	EMBRYO HAS ONE COTYLDONS
FLOWERS	PARTS MAINLY FOUND IN FOURS AND FIVES	PARTS USUALLY TREES
AGENT POLLINATION	OFTEN INSECT	OFTEN WIND
EXAMPLES	PEA,ROSE,BUTTERCUP, DANDELION	GRASESSES,IRIS, ORCHIDS,LILIES

MONOCOTYLEDONAE

DICOTYLEDONAE

Transport gametes over great distances

Efficient dispersal via fruit

Tough,water resistant leaves for survival in hostile environment

 

POLLINATION :

@ BIRDS ARE ATTRACTED TO RED FLOWERS

@ BEES ARE THE COMMON INSERT POLLINATOR AND SEE OLOURS THAT HUMANS CANNOT

@SOME FLOWERS ARE POLLINATED BY INSECTS SUCH AS BUTTERFLIES AND MOTH

@MANY INSECTS ARE ATTRACTED TO ODORS.

@WIND POLLINATED FLOWERS ARE SMALL,HAVE NO PETALS AND LITTLE COLOUR.

PROBLEM LIVING IN TERRESTRIAL HABITAT

 

@SUPPORT – IN WATER IS HELD UP ON LAND SUPPORT SYSTEM S REQUIRED

@GETTING  WATER

1 AQUATIC PLANTS ARE SURROUND BY WATER AND NUTRIENTS.MOST CELL CAN ABSORB THEM FROM THE ENVIRONMENT.TERRESTRIAL PLANT S REQUIRE A SYSTEM FOR COLLECTING AND TRANSPORTING WATER.

2 PLANTS DEVELOPED ROOT SYSTEMS THAT CAN COLLECT AND TRANSPORT WATER.PLANTS HAVE SHALLOW ROOTS WHICH SPREAD OUT TO COLLECT WATER.WATER AND MINERALS FROM THE ROOTS CAN TRAVEL TO ALL PARTS OF THE PLANT AND FOOD MADE IN THE LEAVES.

@ DRYING OUT

    i.      LEAVES ARE COVERED BY A WATERPROOF OUTER LAYER CALLED THE CUTICLE

  ii.      OPENINGS IN THE LEAVES CALLED STOMATA ALLOW PASSAGE OF GASES FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS BUT CAN BE CLOSED  WHEN IT TOO WARM

 iii.      GYMNOSPERM HAVE VERY NARROW LEAVES TO

MINIMIZE WATER LOSS…..

@ SPREADING GAMETES

    i.        SPORES – TINY REPRODUCTIVE CELL THAT CARRIED ALONG DISTANCE BY THE WING

  ii.        SEEDS

·       THIS EMBRYO INSIDE THE SEED IS SURROUND BY A TOUGH ,DROUGHT RESISTANT,PROTECTIVE SEED COAT.FOOD PACKAGED IN THE SEED PROVIDES ENERGY FOR THE YOUNG PLANT

·       ADAPTATIONS OF SEEDS HELP IN THEIR DISPERSAL.SOME SEEDS ARE CARRIED BY WIND OR WATer

BIOLOGY IS FUN……!!!

SIZE

BRYOPHTES	PTERIDOPHYTES
·       SMALL TREE ·       GROWING IN CLUSTER	·       BIGGER TREE ·       GROWING CLOSE TOGETHER IN COOL
GYMNOSPER	ANGIOSPERM
·       LARGER  TREE ·       LONG IN HEIGHT	·       CAN BE HERBACEOUS WHICH ARE SMALL OR NON WOODY PLANT

BRYOPHTES	PTERIDOPHYTES
·       THE DOMINANT PHASE N ITS LIFE CYCLE IS GAMETOPHYTE	·       THE PLANTS IS SPOROPHYTE WHICH S DOMINANT
GYMNOSPER	ANGIOSPERM
·       SPOROPHYTE GENERATION IS DOMINANT	·       SPOROPHYTE IS DOMINANT

DOMINANCE OF GAMETOPHYTE AND SPOROPHYT

DEPENDENCE OF GAMETOPHYTE AND

BRYOPHTES	PTERIDOPHYTES
·       THE GAMETOPHYTE  IS A THALLUS,FREE LIVING AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC ·       SPOROGONIUM    IS THE SPOROPHYTE AND DEPENDENT ON GAMETOPHYTE	·       GAMETOPHYTE IS PROTHALLUS THAT IS FREE LIVING ·       LARGE GAMETOPHYTE DEVELOPES
GYMNOSPERM	ANGIOSPERM
·       GAMETOPHYTE   IS  DEPENDENT ON SPOROPHYTE FOR FOOD	·       GAMETOPHYTE  IS DEPENDENT ON SPOROPHYTE FOR FOOD

SPOROPHYTE

WATER DEPENDENCE IN FERTILISATION

BRYOPHTES	PTERIDOPHYTES
·       SMALL TREE ·       GROWING IN CLUSTER	·       BIGGER TREE ·       GROWING CLOSE TOGETHER IN COOL
GYMNOSPER	ANGIOSPERM
·       LARGER  TREE ·       LONG IN HEIGHT	·       CAN BE HERBACEOUS WHICH ARE SMALL OR NON WOODY PLANT

PRESENCE OF VASCULAR TISSUE

@ BROPHYTES – NONVASCULAR THAT IS XYLEM AND PHLOEM ARE ABSENT

@ PTERIDOPHYTES – VASCULAR  TISSUE ARE PRESENT,IT CONSIST OF TRACHEIDS AND SIEVE TUBE.XYLEM VESSEL AND COMPANIAN CELL ARE ABSENT….

@ GYMNOSPERM - VASCULAR TISSUE ARE PRESENT.NO XYLEM VESSELS IN VESSEL TISSUE.ONLY TRACHEIDS ARE PRESENT…

@ ANGIOSPERM – XYLEM AND PHLOEM TISSUE ARE PRESENT .ITS ALREADY HAD A COMPLETE TISSUE

EMBRYO PROTECTION

BRYOPHYTES – ITS EMBRYO DEVELOPES TO FORM A SPOROPHYTE WHICH REMAIN ATTACHED TO THE GAMETOPHYTE AND IS DEPENDENT ON IT FOR NUTRIENTS

PTERIDOPHYTES – ITS EMBRO DEVELOP A FOOT TO ABSORB NUTRIENT FROM THE GAMETOPHYTE UNTILL ITS OWN ROOTS AND LEAVES HAVE GROWN

GYMNOSPERM – ITS EMBRYO ARE SURROUNDED BY FOOD STORE AND IS PROTETED WITHIN HARD SEED COATS FORMED BY INTERGUMENT

ANGIOSPERMS - – ITS EMBRYO ARE SURROUNDED BY FOOD STORE AND IS PROTETED WITHIN HARD SEED COATS FORMED BY INTERGUMENT